@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix ns0: <http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/kms#> .

<https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/47d0c7c0-683c-42a9-b53b-53b684972b52>
  skos:prefLabel "GPS"@en ;
  a skos:Concept ;
  skos:narrower <https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/69f341d1-e29f-4bb9-b3b7-27ce4533f2ad> .

<https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/69f341d1-e29f-4bb9-b3b7-27ce4533f2ad>
  skos:changeNote """2019-02-22 13:22:50.0 [mmorahan]  
insert WeightedRelation (id: null
related concept uuid: 6120cea0-c943-4c7c-bddd-8d8648d58022
relationship type: null
relationship value: null
generated by: null); 
""" ;
  ns0:altLabel [ ] ;
  skos:definition """GRAS (Global Navigation Satellite System Receiver for Atmospheric Sounding) is a new European GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receiver that operates as an atmospheric sounder. It will provide unprecedented observations of atmospheric temperature and humidity to improve weather forecasting and climate change monitoring.

GRAS uses radio occultation to measure vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature and humidity by tracking signals received from a constellation of GPS navigation satellites while they are setting or rising behind the Earth's atmosphere. Radio occultation is based on the fact that when radio waves pass through the atmosphere, either during a rise event or during a set event as seen by the receiver, they are refracted along the atmospheric path. The degree of refraction depends on gradients of air density, which in turn depend on temperature and water vapour. Therefore, measurement of the refracted angle contains information about these atmospheric variables.
 
As the measurements are made tangentially to the atmosphere, the profiles will be provided with a resolution within a few hundred metres to 1.5 kilometres, while horizontal coverage of each profile is in the order of a few hundred kilometres. The GRAS instrument will provide 500 very precise atmospheric profiles per day, which will be fed into Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models to improve the accuracy of weather forecasts. At the same time, due to the very good stability of the instrument, GRAS measurements will contribute to monitoring climate change.
 
GRAS can track up to eight satellites for navigation purposes, two additional satellites for rise and two others for set occultation measurements. GRAS has on-board GPS satellite prediction for optimising the navigation and occultation measurements. 

Source: ESA


Group: Instrument_Details
   Entry_ID: GRAS
   Group: Instrument_Identification
      Instrument_Category: Earth Remote Sensing Instruments
      Instrument_Class: Passive Remote Sensing
      Instrument_Type: Positioning/Navigation
      Instrument_Subtype: GPS
      Short_Name: GRAS
      Long_Name: Global navigation satellite system Receiver for Atmospheric Sounding
   End_Group
   Group: Instrument_Associated_Sensors
      Short_Name: GPS SONDE
      Short_Name: GRAS
      Short_Name: GPS RECEIVERS
   End_Group
   Group: Associated_Platforms
      Short_Name: METOP
      Short_Name: METOP-A
      Short_Name: METOP-B
   End_Group
   Group: Spectral_Frequency_Information
      Wavelength_Keyword: Radio
      Number_Channels: 8
   End_Group
   Online_Resource: http://oiswww.eumetsat.org/WEBOPS/eps-pg/GRAS/GRAS-PG-0TOC.htm
   Creation_Date: 2007-09-13
   Group: Instrument_Logistics
      Data_Rate: 60 kb/s
      Instrument_Owner: ESA/Eumetsat
   End_Group
End_Group"""@en ;
  skos:prefLabel "GRAS"@en ;
  skos:inScheme <https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concepts/concept_scheme/instruments> ;
  skos:broader <https://gcmd.earthdata.nasa.gov/kms/concept/47d0c7c0-683c-42a9-b53b-53b684972b52> ;
  a skos:Concept .